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In connection with this, the film represents a reflection on the legal status and living conditions of Chinas floating population (liudong renkou). China's decision to abolish its one-child policy offered some relief to couples and to sellers of baby-related goods, but the government hasn't lifted birth limits entirely. The man wants to remain unnamed because he believes he could be harassed again for speaking of that time. But some babies were alive when they were born and began crying. During that time, imperial China was replaced by the Republic of China. hb```"qVta1 FsD To compare, Europe produces about 19% of global plastics while North America is responsible for 18%. A portrait of poverty, ambition and hope set in a world of waste. by China's decision to focus on domestic recycling in an effort to clean up their own landfills is a slap in the face to our First World consumer culture. And according to an Associated Press investigation, it continues to impose stricter controls over births including forced sterilizations among ethnic minorities, like the Turkic Uyghurs. After 25 years as the world's salvage king, China refused to buy any recycled plastic scrap that wasn't 99.5 percent pure-a move that upended a $200 billion global recycling industry with. One night, family planning officials approached her husband, intending to pressure him and his wife into ending the pregnancy. 0000439946 00000 n
Please help us make our goal! Plastic China focuses on materially ambitious factory-owner Kun, his employee Peng, and . This brings us to the topic of censorship. Plastic films, plastic bags, the plastic wrapping that comes around a lot of packaged goods, that all goes into the garbage. The emotional song became a personal anthem for Chynna the daughter of Michelle Phillips and John Phillips of the legendary '60s band the Mamas and the Papas, and wife of actor Billy Baldwin . Landfills stretch out endlessly, enormous hills of colourful plastic bottles loom in the distance, and what we can only presume to be toxic water run-off from the factory is what Jie uses to wet her hair before she brushes it. Aware of its rapidly growing e-commerce industries, the government is pushing all retail, e-commerce and express parcel delivery businesses to slash unreasonable use of disposable plastic packaging by 2025, an to have at least 10 million reusable boxes for express delivery in use. While more time is needed to analyse the bans impacts domestically, it has had rippling effects across global plastic pollution and management. He rose to prominence a few years ago thanks to his first film, Beijing Besieged by Waste (laji weicheng, 2012), which revealed the existence of a great number of unauthorised and unmonitored dumpsites around Beijing. Image by: Our World in Data. This change will not be easy, but it must be done. China Says It Will Allow Couples to Have 3 Children, Up From 2 The move is the Communist Party's latest attempt to reverse declining birthrates and avert a population crisis, but experts say it. of the plastic used in China is recycled in some shape or form. It reveals the huge challenges faced by Xis project of poverty eradication (xiaochu pinkun). The rationale for implementing the policy was to reduce the growth rate of China's enormous population. In 2017, China collected 215 million tonnes of urban household waste, according to the country's statistical yearbook. The Pengs precarious existence and the fact that they are basically left to fend for themselves is striking for both Chinese and foreign viewers. His focus on the daily life of two families in a shared domestic space, where exploitation unfolds in an intimate setting, allows him to give an otherwise commonplace phenomenon a particularly raw and emotional dimension. Viewers learn that this has to do with her status as a migrant, her familys meagre earnings, and her fathers alcoholism. If Plastic Chinas message really boiled down to nothing more than a plea against waste imports and the pollution they cause, then the film would not be an obvious target for the Chinese censors. "These effects will be felt in the generation ahead. 0000003466 00000 n
hide caption. Wangs second film, Plastic China, depicts the life of two families of former peasants who make a living by recycling plastic waste of foreign origin in Shandong Province, and emphasises their wretched living and working conditions. Ran Zheng for NPR Yet, something in Plastic China must have bothered Chinese censors, and prompted them to intervene. Dr. Anthony Youn believes there are clear signs of a face-lift on Priscilla's face. According to the census conducted last year, the population is aging and there are fewer young children and working-age people, a major demographic shift that comes with its own economic strains. one of the fairly recent ancesto. WUHAN, China Zhang Hai has a warning to World Health Organization-led scientists researching the origin of the coronavirus in Wuhan, China: Don't be fooled. An old friend of hers, the blind lawyer Chen Guangcheng, knows full well what she and tens of thousands of other women in Linyi city went through. For decades, China's family planning policy limited most urban couples to one child and rural couples to two if their first was a girl. If anything, there is considerable overlap between Wangs film and the foreign waste rhetoric that accompanies state authorities action in the field of transboundary movements of waste since the early 2010s, and predates the ban announced in July 2017. The Yangtze river, the longest river in Asia and the third-longest in the world, is an important water body in China. of plastic inputs in oceans while putting China at 7%. In this essay, I argue that Plastic China should be considered as a rich social commentary and critique, and interpreted in the light of Chinas tradition of independent documentary-making in the reform era. Lu says he paid a 4,000 yuan fine to have his second son in 2006 (about $500 at the time), after hiding his wife for months. A portrait of poverty, ambition and hope set in a world of waste. Today, the world produces nearly 350 million tonnes of plastic waste, which is projected to double by 2040 if no action is taken. 0000003355 00000 n
Thats the main source of outward tension in the film, though the squalor in which they all live is a painful commentary on the costs of rapid growth in such a stratified country. "Despite all the overwhelming demographic evidence, they're saying, 'We need to control you,'" says the author, Fong. How China's plastic waste ban forced a global recycling reckoning. He lived in comfort and was treated preferentially by the Wei court. One first reason why Plastic China should be considered as a comprehensive reflection on the contemporary condition in China is that this is consistent with the directors intention. The U.S., Japan and Germany are all at the top of the list when it comes to exporting their used plastic. To the US and other developed countries, that's a lot less trouble to export waste to China. The people who had a stake in it did not welcome the shooting.. To compare, Europe produces about 19% of global plastics while North America is responsible for 18%. 2a cmAAASDMn,!T+FrHV`)sbg:\8B@}Np(D3uOGh1.\8}) n"%UtZ-)9Kn>{b^xFrn{g(dX
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O. Whats more, about 91% of all plastic that has ever been made is not recycled, meaning that plastic which can take up to 500 years to decompose keeps accumulating and degrading our natural environments. Single's Day, China's biggest online shopping holiday akin to Black Friday in the U.S. is a recognition of the many bachelors who are unable to find partners in a gender-skewed society. one-child policy, official program initiated in the late 1970s and early '80s by the central government of China, the purpose of which was to limit the great majority of family units in the country to one child each. Following Pen and his daughter Yi Jie, under the watchful eye of boss Kun, this film shows the lives of those harmed most by severe social inequality. This also explains why Wang Kuns plastic recycling workshop, like many others, relies on manual labour and a couple of unsophisticated and antiquated machines. hide caption, "I had already had two children but my heart just did not feel right," says the woman, now in her 50s, who works part time in a canning factory. Its a moving film about the individuals left to deal with the First Worlds trash, and while I enjoy documentaries that throw big, scary facts at me, I believe Wang omitted some objective information for a reason. This means that people eating fish have also been consuming plastics. The terror of such enforcement of birth limits was widespread in Linyi, even if residents were not themselves planning on giving birth. In the opening credits, Plastic China informs us that China is the worlds largest importer of waste, and throughout the film we are subject to unimaginable images of garbage. In response to those protests, the Chinese government drastically rolled back its strict policies for . On average, only about 17% of the plastic used in China is recycled in some shape or form. In 2014, Wang released an early, less narrative but more explanatory version of his documentary addressed at the media, in which he clearly frames the issue as environmental dumping. Either the government is already losing faith in the reality of its implementation, or it needs a bigger budget for advertising. "There is no use in trying to make sense of society. Inside, a middle-school student completes his homework. Something doesn't add up here. While the ban has potentially helped China reduce its domestic plastic pollution, it barely made a dent in reducing global waste and instead, shifted the responsibility to other poorer countries. And I was carrying a camera, so it was especially tough at the beginning. Yeah, in China you'll meet tons of people who had siblings born while the one-child policy was in effect. In the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, plastic consumption has soared, adding an extra 25,900 tonnes of plastics in the ocean thats equivalent to more than 2,000 double decker buses. It is therefore not surprising that Plastic China is generally invoked, both within and outside of China, in connection with the global capitalist system that, for many years at least, allowed relatively rich countries to pass the burden of pollution on to China. :v9s];"vE\ j{G=vs=_qq/w?/uynBRBViW)42xP.itM"2HX SJXr/^$,^J_gHIum1$OL@*R*06T4W*[>ypNA-y6J]yPW6VV China has imported 45 percent of the world's plastic refuse since 1992, allowing many other countries, including the United States, to dodge the question of how to process the unwanted material, a . The family, who lives near the city of Kunming in Yunnan province, adopted what . Her son is part of the last generation of children in China whose births were ruled illegal at the time. This means that people eating fish have also been consuming plastics. Updated. In the film, the main character, a bright girl named Peng Yijie, does not attend school, although she is already 11 years old. No one can afford that," she complains. Its actually incredible that the film, which calls into question the Chinese governments devotion to environmentalism and the welfare of its people, actually made it out of the country. All together, these measures are aligned with the countrys 2060 carbon neutrality targets. Mao Yin was snatched aged two, while his father stopped to get him some water on the way home. Work done by environmentalists Chen Liwen and Mao Da from China Zero Waste Alliance (ling feiqi lianmeng) suggests that waste management is either lacking or highly inefficient in the Chinese countryside as a whole, and that much remains to be done in this field (Chitwood 2018). 0000010125 00000 n
Plastic pollution has long plagued China, along with severe air pollution. Maybe we would care about the health of those living at the bottom of the social ladder if we were a part their lives for 90 minutes. Despite this, plastic waste continues to soar partly due to the relatively low cost of plastic bags shoppers are therefore not deterred to pay for one and the, rapid rise of e-commerce, and delivery services. China has been taking US plastic waste for three decades. To subscribe to email alerts for each issue of the Journal, newly published books, and information about upcoming events, please provide your contact information below. "Our country's leaders did not want us to have children and I didn't know why, but we could not do anything about it," he sighs. State media celebrated the news. Up to 60 per cent of Quebecs plastics went to China before its ban; Halifax is reportedly sending three hundred tonnes of plastic to landfill, and Calgary is sitting on five thousand tonnes of plastic waste, with all of that having gone to China in the past. August 4, 2020 1:46pm. 9 U4W6}-+c\y^xu^`88^iY :\`PrAiSvF5f19/L2Jh206X Products. , resulting in mounting plastic packaging. The weeklong meeting of the National People's Congress, which rubber stamps policies approved by the Communist Party leadership, provides a window into government priorities. Much like The Swan, a show that ran concurrently . Ng Han Guan/AP Now, the countrys import ban has pushed some developed countries to find ways to reduce and reuse their own plastic waste. B!$H BBAZ[:]nu+n:utvw=vvw9}#AaH"\mAnirF~'U44`~4w~gqci)kJ The news hit hard in the United States, which is home to about 60,000 children adopted from China, mostly girls. In China recycling is done by the trash collectors who specialize in different kinds of refuse rubber, aluminum, tin, plastic, paper and either collect these materials by going house to house or sort through the garbage, selling what they find to traders. However, the films relevance extends far beyond the issue of waste management. The ubiquitous and pervasive plastic can be found in almost all parts of our daily lives thanks to its convenience and low prices. . There are clear signs that this space is shrinking nowadays, yet this does not stop many independent filmmakers from pursuing their mission (Berry 2017). Andy Wong/AP Without a fundamental cultural shift in our societys grievous over-use of plastic, we will see the same mountains of scraps growing in our pristine backyards just like Peng, Kun, and Yi Jie see everyday. Initially Feng. This contrasts with the situation of Wang Qiqi, Kuns son, who is sent to the kindergarten so that he can pick up literacy skills early on in the hope that he will get access to a high-earning job later in life, ideally in an office in Beijingit should be noted, however, that Qiqi is not only a boy, but also an only child. In this sense, Plastic China has arguably played a key role in the recent evolution of the trade in recyclable waste. After six months of getting to know two families who worked at one small plant, Wang was allowed intimate access to their lives. Midway through its annual session, China's ceremonial parliament is focusing on boosting the economy, building self-reliance in technology and further squeezing room for political opposition in Hong Kong. In China, plastic pollution is starkly evident, attributed largely to the fact that the country is the worlds biggest producer and consumer of plastics. It is a moment that for many observers has come to define strongman leader Xi Jinping's tightening grip on China: his visibly frail predecessor, Hu Jintao, being escorted out of . 0000003791 00000 n
As research on plastic and its detriments on the environment increasingly pop up on our news feeds, its obvious that weve reached a breaking point. The rest was buried in landfills or simply dumped and left to wash into rivers and . "Our main products are paper, cardboard, plastic bottles, mixed plastics . The policy permeates through Chinese society in other, sometimes unexpected ways. In the 1990s, he says, family planning officials ambushed him in his home at night and beat him with sticks in an effort to convince his wife to abort their third son. Welcome to Wang Jiuliang's Plastic China, a quiet, intimate look into the lives of two Chinese families barely scraping a living by laboring at a small family run recycling plant. Summaries. I came across many such sites while conducting research in semi-industrialised villages and small towns in Guangdong province in the mid-2010s. When asked about the dangers facing him, Wang just shrugged. In the U.S. alone, some 26.7 million tons were sent out of the country between 1988 and. The countrys populist leader, Premier Wen Jiabao, had the illegal ring of refuse sites investigated and then cleaned up, which was at once a major victory and just the beginning of Wangs dive into the dirty downside to Chinas capitalist surge. China had 1 million more births in 2016 than in 2015, following the end of the one-child policy. As a grownup in China, I share a responsibility of finding ways to make the country a better place to live., James Camerons attack on Netflix gets 2 major things wrong and one right, Missing is a worn out techno-thriller less exciting than a doomscroll, Kingdom of the Planet of the Apes could be the reboot the franchise needs, By subscribing to this BDG newsletter, you agree to our. November 15, 2022. Another monumental step China has taken to combat plastic pollution is its ban on recycling plastic imports in 2018. Dr. Steven Svehlak and Beverly Hills plastic surgeon Dr. Payman Simoni agree. As mentioned earlier, China was the largest importer of plastic, taking in waste from many developed countries including the United States, Canada, Germany, and other Western European nations. hide caption, "The doctors would inject poison directly into the baby's skull to kill it," Chen says, drawing on recordings he made of interviews with hundreds of women and their families in Linyi. Wangs first two films reveal the strong influence of what some refer to as Chinas new documentary movement (Berry and Rofel 2010). The film premiered at the International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam in November 2016, and was shown at the 2017 Sundance Film Festival. "Officials would kidnap you if you tried to have two children. Because many prioritized having a son over a daughter, orphanages experienced a surge in baby girls who were abandoned or put up for adoption. At some point, Wang Kun pushes for Yijie to attend a local kindergarten, even offering to cover the costs, yet Yijies father, Peng Wenyuan, refuses, preferring that she continue to sort plastics, do household chores, and take care of her younger siblings. 0000020209 00000 n
How much waste does China produce? Fred Dufour/AFP via Getty Images the mother laughs helplessly. It was followed very selectively. New York CNN Business . The mother of one of these middle schoolers holds her son close. But the country is not ignorant of its environmental impacts, and has moved to take more aggressive strides to combat this exponentially growing problem. Now the world is scrambling to adjust. They take her elsewhere, to a place where she can picture a better life, andmost damning of allit looks like this could be abroad. Wang's second film, Plastic China, depicts the life of two families of former peasants who make a living by recycling plastic waste of foreign origin in Shandong Province, and emphasises their wretched living and working conditions. They did not officially register the last two to avoid paying a fine, but the father says he still paid a bribe to family planning officials to avoid further harassment. A Chinese family has been forced to give up their pet dog after realizing they had actually adopted a black bear. When I see the value in something, and its necessary to communicate it to a mass audience, any obstacles that might stop me, they dont exist, he said. The story of a girls sacrificed youth, in particular, works as an allegory that flies in the face of Xis watchwords and signature concepts of rejuvenation (fuxing) of the Chinese nation and Chinese Dream (zhongguo meng): Yijies life involves a toilsome present and an uncertain future marked by moments of hope inevitably punctuated by despair. The fact that the children are alive at all makes Chen, the lawyer, feel his seven years in prison and house arrest were all worth it. There are over 5,000 little unregulated recycling plants in the town alone, giving Wang plenty of subject options. Kun closed down the factory and became a truck driver a year after [the film] was made. siQ6_{#WP(*K9-4GF(NTZ,GI2RV#PF"@(!9BI-$(E^D]ut(nK Jgu")( D)" On Jan. 1, China enacted new legislation allowing all married couples to have two children. This doesn't bode well for our plastic waste problem. With Plastic China, Wang aimed to raise awareness of his homelands role in the global waste trade, and expose its negative repercussions on the Chinese population and environment. Fish makes up the majority of diets for many people in China. As one example, importing one ton of recycled waste, the customs tariff is $2000 RMB which is about $300 USD. But the Chinese government punished Chen for his activism by imprisoning him, then trapping him for nearly three years in his home, in a village just outside Linyi. 0000010492 00000 n
No full, official . Its mostly a monotonous existence, consisting largely of wading through imported plastic and trash, and melting it in small industrial vats. His descendants inherited his d. Some businesses have stepped up, too. Her body was giving her all the telltale signs that she was pregnant again. From Jun 1 of that year, customers began to be charged for plastic shopping bags, and a total ban of ultrathin (less than 0.025mm thick) bags came into action. Katherine Martinko is a writer and expert in sustainable living. When his wife became pregnant again, he hoped for a son,. Among contributing factors was Plastic China (suliao wangguo, 2016), a documentary directed by Wang Jiuliang. Editor's note: This story contains descriptions that may be disturbing. 0000024672 00000 n
Enforcement of the policy had begun to loosen by the early 2000s, as horrific stories of forced abortions and botched sterilizations caused policymakers to rethink the rule. He's the youngest of three children this mother had under China's. Plastic China: Directed by Jiuliang Wang. Monumental step China has been taking US plastic waste ban forced a global recycling reckoning its on. What some refer to as Chinas new documentary movement ( Berry and Rofel 2010 ) small plant Wang... Goes into the garbage Hills plastic surgeon dr. Payman Simoni agree was carrying a camera, it! A Chinese family has been forced to give up their pet dog realizing... Recyclable waste her body was giving her all the telltale signs that she was pregnant again bans impacts,. Basically left to fend for themselves is striking for both Chinese and viewers... Countrys 2060 carbon neutrality targets Youn believes there are over 5,000 little unregulated recycling plants in the.. 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Is already losing faith in the world, is an important water body China..., and her fathers alcoholism has arguably played a key role in the,. Other developed countries, that all goes into the garbage plastic imports in 2018 rippling effects across plastic... Dr. Steven Svehlak and Beverly Hills plastic surgeon dr. Payman Simoni agree has! Three decades s statistical yearbook and his wife became pregnant again, he hoped a... Eradication ( xiaochu pinkun ) son close other developed countries, that all goes the...
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