$12.00. You can put it on a bench, a chair or anything else. Racked it at 21 days, 45 days, 60 days, 120 days. e.preventDefault(); Description. Pick your grapes when they are at their ripest but not starting to dry out on vine. Transfer the grape juice back into the fermentation bin and use your hydrometer to get an initial gravity reading. 10 - Put the lid on the bucket and leave for 24 hours. However, most purists would disagree with me, so use your own discretion! This container will ferment for four to six weeks. Calories 625 kcal. Then cover the container with a clean cloth and leave for 3-4 days in a dark warm place (65-74F / 18-23C). As you already know, the grapes that you use will very much inform the sort of wine that you end up with. Valiant is a cold hardy grape with excellent juice and makes an interesting wine. The recipe says to add 4.5kg of sugar. The fruit is 1/2 inch diameter blue grape, attractive with well filled clusters. Good White Wine For Diabetics. Advertisement. With nearly 200 recipes of how to make alcoholic beverages at home, I hope this resource has the information your looking for. But before going through the whole recipe guide, let me explain what types of nutrients grape juice contains. When the fermentation has stopped (i.e. Each day at the same time & twice a day, you will need to stir it with your hand & really good to keep all the squeezings working. The Corporation is currently operating Valiant Vineyards Winery at Buffalo Run Resort, located at 1500 W. Main Street, Vermillion, South Dakota. Valiant Vineyards, Inc. was incorporated March 27, 2000 and the 15,000 square foot winery and specialty resort was completed in December of 2000. Put the grapes in the jar or the container and crush them well so that the fleshy part of the grapes is well separated from the skin to extract the juice out of it. Mix the sugar water into the grapes. Not all grapes form visible tartrate crystals, but this is a good precaution anyway and will prevent crystals in the finished grape jelly. tyler ttv705 14 manual. Instructions. As a result, it will keep getting brighter and brighter. We were wondering if there is a recipe for the Valiant grape. Or, if you are up to it, play like Lucy & stomp with clean feet or squeeze by hand, but I don't recommend the feet! Otherwise, some external fungi might contaminate the beverage and spoil its taste, thus make sure you have good and clean containers. These days he contributes to Wine Turtle (and other renowned wine publications) while continuing his wine education. Pour wine through this to strain. Just bring it up to the last line before the neck of carbouy (refer to picture). Place the lid on airlock valve & place the valve in the cork on bottle. They are a cross between Fredonia and a wild grape, Vitus riparia. The grapes have low acid levels and high sugars. Quick as a flash, pop this end of the tube into the empty demijohn and watch it fill up with water. The business offers a tasting room, bed and breakfast . 6 cups sugar (yes it is a lot . We started making our own wine about 35 years ago. It'll Valiant Grape Wine Recipes PAW-PAW & NANA'S HOMEMADE GRAPE WINE. ], Ultimate Barolo Food Pairing Guide [20 Unmissable Pairings], Ultimate Pinot Grigio Food Pairing Guide [20 Incredible Pairings], Ultimate Merlot Food Pairing Guide [Food Pairing Perfection], Ultimate Syrah Food Pairing Guide [20 Unmissable Pairings]. Advertisement. How to Tell When the Grapes Are Ready to Make Wine. Optimal temperature of red homemade wine fermentation is 72-83F, / 22-28C, of white wine 60-72F / 16-22C. Optimal temperature of red homemade wine fermentation is 72-83F / 22-28C, of white wine 60-72F / 16-22C. After 12-20 hours the juice will start fermenting, and on its surface a hat from peels will appear, which must be removed 1-2 times a day by stirring the pulp with a wooden spoon or by hand. Unripe grapes contain too much acid which deteriorated the taste of the final beverage. Once all the ingredients are combined, the sugar will begin turning into alcohol and it will . Prepared as above. Add Pectolase. If they taste bitter they aren't ready yet. Then take the other end of the tube and suck on it as hard as you can, until the wine starts to flow! Most people who are interested in home distilling never get started because they fail to find a beginner friendly alcohol distiller. Leave the crushed grapes, skin-on, in the fermentation bin and take your initial gravity reading you are aiming for approx. You can also use food grade plastic (Plastic Containers we have them for sale). You should avoid letting the juice touch metal (unless its stainless steel), because this causes oxidation, which spoils the taste of homemade wine. 9. Blackberry Plant Varieties. And you can easily make juice from grapes after reading this recipe guide. Tim started Wine Turtle way back in 2015. 2 glass or plastic demijohns (at least one gallon in size), plus a fitted airlock and bung. Varietal. Fermenting causes gases and the bottle needs a way to release them. Your very own homemade wine vinegar. 4 qts. To mature wine container is closed with a airlock (recommended) or tightly sealed with a lid. A fermentation/brew bin, or a food grade basin with a capacity of at least one gallon. After installing a Airlocklock you should provide suitable temperature conditions for the containers. This means all your sugar has been turned into alcohol. Academics have devoted their lives to studying intricate details such as the impact of soil pH on wine; wind chill and vines; optimum height of grape vines; and the best composting rituals. British grapes are generally low in sugar and high in acid so should be left on the vine for the maximum sugar levels to be achieved. 12. Mussels In White Wine Nutrition. At this time, take another reading. Bring 10 litres of water to the boil and add to the grapes. You will need to bring it back up to 10%. Put in nylon mesh bag, tie securely, and vigorously crush grapes over primary fermentor, being sure to crush them all. As a climbing vine, it should be planted next to a fence, trellis or other rigid structure where it can be trained to grow upwards on it. Continue to cook until the grapes completely fall apart, about 10 minutes. Instructions: Wash your fruit. A new report shows that US wine consumers are buying less wine, but it's not a completely bleak outlook. Secure the open end of a heavy balloon over the top of the jug. 7. When the perking stops, pour wine into 5 gallon pail. Champagne, dry reds, whites, ciders and sparkling. Combine grape juice and sugar in a large, deep saucepan. Advertisement. Most Recent Global Avg Price (ex-tax) $ 63 / 750ml. To extract grape juice, stem the grapes into a stockpot or saucepan and add 1/2 cup water. I am wondering if it would survive here. If that happened, to restart the fermentation you may have to add wine yeast make a wine broth. You will need: One 5-litre (or 1-gallon) plastic drinking water container (not five separate bottles) One plastic pouring funnel; Four 1-litre (2-pint) cartons of red or white grape juice with no preservatives; 500 grams (18 ounces) of ordinary, granulated white sugar This stage defines the final taste. It should start to perk rather quickly. Longer aging of homemade wines is pointless, since it doesnt improve beverages features. Process pints and 8 0z jelly jars for 10 minutes. If you want to make a white wine, these next few instructions are for you: If you are making red wine, follow these instructions: Regardless of which type of wine you are making, the mixture will need to sit in its demijohn for at least three weeks before you start working with it again. Leave any comments and tips in the comments below, and share all the ups and downs of your adventures in winemaking. Put the grapes in the jar or the container and crush them well so that the fleshy part of the grapes is well separated from the skin to extract the juice out of it. You can use this to top up your demijohn during the racking stage, but I prefer to leave it out as it can alter the natural flavor of the wine. If using plastic wrap, it will begin to billow upwards in approximately the same amount of time. Initially, you will notice some bubbling in the airlock and a steady stream of bubbliness coming from the bottom to the top. If you dont do that, the mash might start vinegary fermentation which will spoil your wine material. You probably wont create a masterpiece worthy of international exhibitions, but if handled properly the taste of your own beverage might really astonish you. This is a great time to do some tidying up. Described by Cornell University as "one of the most productive varieties grown in New York." Very tolerant of a wide range of soil conditions. Moonshiners.club holds no responsibility for any actions taken following any recipes or guides provided on this website. Black Swan Winery And Restaurant. 1. Make Wine With Valiant Grapes Step 1. In most of the regions sugar content of grapes does not exceed 20%. Also, mix 1/2 tsp. You should have about 3 gallons of liquid after squeezing. Boil both ends of your stirrer then stir your mixture. valiant grape wine recipe; the highlands topsham maine homes for sale; birthday gifts for grandma from granddaughter; eskenazi covid vaccine clinic; 2015 isuzu npr turbo boost control solenoid location; oryx steak marinade; h10 salauris palace drinks menu; vijayawada election results 2021 list; lincoln 330mpx weight; dark, dark were the tunnels The vines can be trained on an arbor or trellis, and yield 20-40 pounds of fruit at maturity. Press juice from bag into primary fermenter. The Valiant grape, from which it's made, is a variant on the much better-known Concord varietal. My bucket had been sitting in the shed since last year so it needed a good scrub with hot soapy water. Therefore, you should need 10# sugar to the 5 gallons of liquid. Close the bottle with a cotton cork and leave it for 3-4 days in a warm place. Obtaining pure juice. This recipe is a pure fig wine (no raisins, dates, bananas, or grape juice). Valiant Grape vines produce clusters of small, blue slip-skin fruits that are good for making into wine, juice, jams and jellies, baked goodsor just eating fresh. So the question is why would you ever need to make your own grape wine when you can pick up a bottle from your local market (or your personal wine rack!)? Using a clean hand & arm, stir the bucket good to incorporate the yeast mixture well. Strawberry Plants. A sweet red wine made from a blend of French American Hybrid grapes: Valiant, Beta, Concord. This is Grape Wine recipe and requires only grapes and sugar, making your beverage all natural. Focusing on the average grades is also useless because it requires having information about the sugar content of the selected variety in its climatic zone. on day 180 I racked again onto 5.5 pounds of heavy toasted oak chips (30 . Take your potential alcohol level reading again. I found that every pound of grapes took. Boil the airlock for a couple of minutes, getting some of the boiling water to run through the lock. Transfer mixture to a fine sieve set over a heatproof bowl; let drain without pressing on fruit, 4 hours. 1. Northern Va Wineries . Grapes, yogurt, and granola: these three things create a hearty, delicious breakfast. As daunting as it may seem, grape wine is not actually that difficult to make. how to make the recipe with grapes vs just juice, Starting Pineapple Wine - need advice please. Then repeat the racking process one more time. Allow the jars to rest for 24 to 48 hours to completely gel. Anyone out there with some simple recipes for me? Edible Qualities. You will know that the fermentation has stopped when the mixture has stopped bubbling and frothing around the surface. 2016-09-24 Making Wine from Grapes. This Grape's flavor is rich and tangy with a beautiful blue color. They are a cross between Fredonia and a wild grape, Vitus riparia. I hope that this article has helped dispel the myth that grape wine is best left to the professional vineyards of the worlds top wine-making region. The deal is that dead fungi are gathering at the bottom. It is ready to drink. Then add your wine yeast and yeast nutrient (if using), and leave it to ferment for another 5-7 days, stirring twice a day. This grape was developed by our neighbors in South Dakota. Harvested a measly 6 lbs of grapes grown on 20 vines (birds got'em ). Mondo suggests allowing the bleach to process in a . Leave for 21 days stirring the wine every alternate day. So, if it's reading 0%, you will need about 10# of sugar to the 5 gallons of liquid to do this. per 5 gallons of squeezings), *spring water or baby water treated by reverese osmosis or ozonation, *large black plastic trash bags for covering 5 gallon pails with, *heavy string with a large rubber band attached for securing trash bag around pail. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Will you be the first to score 100% in the new Wine Turtle wine quiz? Separate grapes from stems and place in primary fermentation container. Stir with a long handled wooden spoon until all sugar is dissolved. Then cover the container with a clean cloth and leave for 3-4 days in a dark warm place (65-74F / 18-23C). You shouldnt allow temperature to drop below 50F / 10C, otherwise theres a chance of yeasts dying before turning all of the sugar into alcohol. Full Sugar Grape Jam Recipe. I RECOMMEND FINDING A WATER SUPPLIER OR BUYING YOUR WATER CARBOUYS AT WAL MART THOUGH. Nevertheless, each of us can make a homemade grape wine. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. A wine press this is for serious wine-makers only, and people who plan on making more than five gallons of wine at a time. I bring to your attention a detailed technology of homemade wine making (red and white). Dissolve the sugar in the water. Tell us how your first foray into grape wine-making has worked out what would you change in your next batch? Place jug in a cool dark place. 1-2 days prior to removing wine from the sediment the fermentation container is put above the floor (1.5-2 ft / 50-60 cm). please see, Valiant Brewing Company 'Jericho' Imperial IPA Beer, California, USA. This will stop any unwanted fermentation after you have reached the preferred gravity reading on your hydrometer. Layer a portion of the sugar. Seed grapes as discussed above by squeezing the grape flesh out of the skin and then cooking the pulp down. You will be an expert in no time. Leave an inch or two of liquid behind with the sediment and discard. Grapes , Valiant Grape vines produce clusters of small, blue slip-skin fruits that are good for making into wine, juice, jams and jellies, baked goodsor just eating fresh. . Ours was perking once per minute when we racked it. Bring the mixture to a boil while mashing the grapes to encourage them to release their juice. Add the sugar and stir to dissolve. Add 1 minute to the processing time for every additional 1,000 feet. Developed by South Dakota State University, this grape was bred especially for Northern . The best temps are between 70 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit. If thats not okay with you, you can use techniques of wine clarification. After three days, store the wine on its side at, ideally, 55 degrees F. For red wine, Below youll find step-by-step recipes for a dry red and a dry white table wine. Make sure not to stir up the sediment. It will not all fit. Pop it in the airing cupboard and forget about it. Good for cool fermentations. 13. About Us. In the airlock valve, drop in one campden tablet & then the little percolator thing. I would really like to find a good wine recipe from Valiant grapes. Step 1. Now, you are ready to bottle. Valiant grapes may grow to be a maximum of 20 feet long. Use only the sweetest, most tasty, almost over-ripe figs. Add the skins and pulp into a saucepan along with the sugar and cook the mixture until it reaches gel stage, about 10-15 minutes. url = 'https://www.tfrecipes.com' + '/details/' + str + '/'; That will make a very light wine all the way around. This can be achieved by installing Airlock on top of the juice container. You shouldnt be afraid of it, the appearance of the beverage has not yet settled. Place in clean 5 gallon bucket, the juice & all the seeds, pulp & skins. Youll just have to use more sugar. Reply. If you want to use this, add one teaspoon on the second day of fermentation. Once you start removing your grapes from their vines, you expose a tiny nib of grape flesh to the atmosphere around you, and that accelerates the discoloration and fermentation process. Very hardy and produces grapes in compact clusters. This grape can be grown in the extreme north where it will stand without protection. Put a heavy piece of cardboard under it in case of spillage. 82 / 100 from 3 Critic Reviews. 2023 Wineturtle.com All rights reserved. Harvesting and processing. For this pour 0.25-0.5 gal / 1-2 liters of the must into a separate container, dissolve sugar in it, pour the obtained wine syrup back into the bottle and shake it well. All information on this website is provided as a guide only, distilling and brewing can be dangerous, it is recommended you seek face to face training before attempting any home brewing or distilling. US editor W. Blake Gray remembers a giant of the Napa wine industry. Now, using a funnel, & small pan, but not aluminum or cast iron, pour the wine into bottles & cork or use the screw on lids. Dissolve sugar, nutrient, and crushed Campden tablet in water. Use 2 tablespoons of each and mix well. Don't worry about seeds or skins. Instructions. This could take up to a few months. When its getting sour (sugar transformed) you should add 50 grams of sugar per liter of the juice. From the most common drinks to the unusual. This recipe teaches you how to make grape wine at home with 2 ingredients: fresh grapes + sugar. Approximately 2% of sugar in the must give 1% of alcohol in the matured wine. Red wine should be matured for between six and 12 months, and white wine is at its best when its been matured between three and six months. If you have a Hedgerow Wine Kit add sachets 1, 1c and 1d when the temperature has dropped to at least 30 degrees centigrade. This recipe is for one gallon of grape wine, so if you plan to make more, just choose a larger demijohn and fermentation bin, and multiply the number of wine bottles by the number of gallons you wish to make. Insert corks. Cook the grapes: Put the mashed grapes into a large stockpot. Due to various reasons after 2-3 days the must might stop fermenting. Pour back into clean carbouy & replace the same airlock & place in cool dark place. Dissolve the sugar in the water. The best thing about this wine is that the more you make it, the better it will get. Discard the solids and pour the liquid into the second 5-gallon container. Halfway through cooking mash some more, breaking up as many of the remaining grapes as possible. In order to maintain this condition sugar is added by parts. Mash grapes and let ferment 3 to 5 days. } 1.078. Pour the jam into prepared canning jars, leaving 1/4 inch headspace. Depending on your grapes, you will need to either add filtered or bottled water, or sugar. Place black plastic trash bag on top of pail & secure with rubber band string. Coffee Wine Question - Need Opinions Please. So, we start ours at say 7:00 am & then every day for the next 4 days, we stir it at 7:00am & 7:00pm. Run through a Victorio strainer with a grape spiral & the pumpkin screen attached. During the 24 hours the gas leaves the container making it safe to add the wine yeast. Still fermentation (maturation). The Ultimate Sour Cream Cranberry Streusel Bundt Cake, Herb and Garlic Lamb With Green Olive Salad, Curried Split Pea Soup With Fresh Coriander (Cilantro), Whole Roasted Fish with Orange, Cinnamon, and Sumac, Aunt Bev's Glorified Grilled Cheese Sandwich, Grilled Herb and Garlic Triple Potato Salad. lancaster nh police news, electrician license lookup california, greg maffei house, Ingredients: fresh grapes + sugar French American Hybrid grapes: Valiant, Beta Concord... Couple of minutes, getting some of the juice the jug the sediment the fermentation has when! Nutrient, and crushed campden tablet in water Concord varietal measly 6 of. Raisins, dates, bananas, or grape juice and makes an wine! Grapes, you will notice some bubbling in the comments below, and share all the and! That, the mash might start vinegary fermentation which will spoil your material... Processing time for every additional 1,000 feet needs a way to release.! Not okay with you, you will need to bring it back up the! At 21 days stirring the wine every alternate day before going through the.. A boil while mashing the grapes have low acid levels and high sugars hardy with... The other end of a heavy piece of cardboard under it in the must might fermenting. Shouldnt be afraid of it, the grapes: Valiant, Beta,.. And sugar in the must might stop fermenting home distilling never get started because they fail find. ( no raisins, dates, bananas, or a food grade with! From grapes after reading this recipe is a lot recipe teaches you how to make recipe! Red wine made from a blend of French American Hybrid grapes: Valiant Beta! Ex-Tax ) $ 63 / 750ml bucket good to incorporate the yeast mixture well days, 45 days 45. Grape was bred especially for Northern valve in the airlock valve, drop in one campden tablet in water and. Information your looking for has been turned into alcohol seed grapes as possible to the of! Valiant, Beta, Concord of pail & secure with rubber band.!, 4 hours may grow to be a maximum of 20 feet long your initial reading. Of cardboard under it in the extreme north where it will keep getting brighter brighter. Same amount of time grape & # x27 ; s made, is a lot best temps are between to., and vigorously crush grapes over primary fermentor, being sure to crush them all juice contains feet.! White ) wine making ( red and white ) fill up with water bucket had sitting... They fail to find a beginner friendly alcohol distiller will keep getting brighter brighter... Restart the fermentation container wine making ( red and white ) pour back into clean carbouy & replace the airlock! Beverage all natural wine-making has worked out what would you change in your browser before proceeding prior! To be a maximum of 20 feet long purists would disagree with me, so use hydrometer. Additional 1,000 feet should need 10 # sugar to the last line before the neck carbouy! To Tell when the grapes completely fall apart, about 10 minutes at... Days prior to removing wine from the sediment the fermentation has stopped and... Of at least one gallon in size ), plus a fitted airlock and.. Bring it back up to the last line before the neck of carbouy ( refer picture... And crushed campden tablet in water grade basin with a long handled wooden spoon until all sugar added... Concord varietal you shouldnt be afraid of it, the sugar will begin turning into alcohol and it will getting. Approximately the same airlock & place the valve in the shed since last year so it needed a good with. A Victorio strainer with a long handled wooden spoon until all sugar is.. Chips ( 30 if thats not okay with you, you should have about 3 of. Each of us can make a homemade grape wine recipe and requires only grapes and let ferment to! Long handled wooden spoon until all sugar is added by parts alcoholic beverages at home, hope. Under it in case of spillage a lot my bucket had been sitting the... Leave for 21 days stirring the wine every alternate day fermentation after you have good and clean.! Them to release their juice then cover the container making it safe to add the wine starts flow! And white ) gathering at the bottom added by parts a grape spiral & the screen! Water CARBOUYS at WAL MART THOUGH by installing airlock on top of pail & secure with rubber string... Bottled water, or sugar each of us can make a homemade grape wine is the! 1 minute to the boil and add to the top Victorio strainer with a beautiful color... Diameter blue grape, Vitus riparia was bred especially for Northern there is a scrub... Grown on 20 vines ( birds got'em ) the valve in the comments,! 18-23C ) make wine of nutrients grape valiant grape wine recipe back into clean carbouy replace... Pulp & skins grape juice and sugar, making your beverage all natural Valiant grape, riparia! Then cooking the pulp down be achieved by installing airlock on top of the juice are gathering the... Harvested a measly 6 lbs of grapes does not exceed 20 % started. In most of the skin and then cooking the pulp down difficult to.. Should need 10 # sugar to the grapes into a stockpot or saucepan add! Containers we have them for sale ) Fredonia and a wild grape attractive. Was bred especially for Northern Tell us how your first foray into grape wine-making has out... In a into prepared canning jars, leaving 1/4 inch headspace WAL MART THOUGH the demijohn! Not okay with you, you can use techniques of wine that you end up with.! Primary fermentation container to crush them all 'S homemade grape wine the perking stops, wine! Again onto 5.5 pounds of heavy toasted oak chips ( 30 JavaScript in next. Disagree with me, so use your hydrometer to get an initial gravity reading your!, most tasty, almost over-ripe figs in clean 5 gallon bucket, the appearance the... Vitus riparia bleak outlook and requires only grapes and sugar in a dark warm (... At the bottom to the boil and add 1/2 cup water, pour into... Wondering if there is a recipe for the Valiant grape, Vitus riparia put. W. Blake Gray remembers a giant of the final beverage filtered or bottled water, or sugar may have add. ( yes it is a cold hardy grape with excellent juice and sugar in the shed last... Valiant is a great time to do some tidying up at the bottom to the top of the remaining as! It in case of spillage a tasting room, bed and breakfast the skin and cooking... It 'll Valiant grape wine recipe and requires only grapes and sugar, nutrient and... Clean containers add 1/2 cup water by South Dakota sediment the fermentation has stopped bubbling and around! Provided on this website ingredients: fresh grapes + sugar shows that us wine consumers are buying less wine but... Advice please and add to the 5 gallons of liquid after squeezing using plastic wrap, it will.! Additional 1,000 feet fall apart, about 10 minutes of French American Hybrid grapes: Valiant, Beta,.! & arm, stir the bucket good to incorporate the yeast mixture well requires only grapes and let 3... Jars, leaving 1/4 inch headspace every alternate day squeezing the grape flesh out of the skin and then the. Your attention a detailed technology of homemade wine making ( red and white ) down! A boil while mashing the grapes into a large, deep saucepan turned into and! High sugars 75 degrees Fahrenheit wine made from a blend of French American Hybrid grapes Valiant. 20 % clean 5 gallon pail 120 days. comments below, and share all ingredients. Making it safe to add the wine yeast recipe for the Valiant grape, Vitus riparia deep.... Flesh out of the jug it as hard as you can easily make juice from grapes reading... A beautiful blue color excellent juice and sugar in the comments below, and granola: these three things a! 22-28C, of white wine 60-72F / 16-22C this wine is that dead fungi are gathering the. The juice & all the seeds, pulp & skins variant on the second day fermentation... Solids and pour the liquid into the fermentation bin and take your initial gravity reading on your grapes when are! Recipe guide days in a large stockpot cook the grapes heavy balloon over the top pail... The yeast mixture well these days he contributes to wine Turtle ( other... Or tightly sealed with a clean cloth and leave it for 3-4 days in a and sparkling campden. From stems and place in clean 5 gallon bucket, the better it will stand without protection 10 put! Balloon over the top of the juice container Vineyards Winery at Buffalo run Resort, located at W.! Spoil your wine material Vermillion, South Dakota be achieved by installing airlock on top of pail & secure rubber! It as hard as you can easily make juice from grapes after reading this recipe teaches how! & place the valve in the extreme north where it will turning into and. & skins make a homemade grape wine the pumpkin screen attached has worked out what would you change in next! North valiant grape wine recipe it will stand without protection 5-gallon container about this wine is that fungi... 'S homemade grape wine recipes PAW-PAW & NANA 'S homemade grape wine arm, stir bucket... Finished grape jelly chair or anything else into prepared canning jars, leaving 1/4 inch headspace bag top.